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When the doctor examines the cervix this time, a special microscope is used to identify any unusual areas. If the doctor identifies such an area, a small sample of cells will most likely be taken to biopsy. This procedure is called a colposcopy.
To make a diagnosis of cervical cancer [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the doctor may perform one of all of these procedures: examining the cervix [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], taking a sample of cervical cells and removing a cone-shaped area of cervical cells.
To treat the cancer effectively, the doctor must know whether the cancer is invasive (deeper than surface layer) or noninvasive (only surface deep). To treat noninvasive cancer, procedure options are:
Depending on the size and location of the abnormal cells, determines what type of biopsy will be used. A common biopsy is the punch biopsy. In this biopsy the doctor uses a circular knife to remove a small section of the cervix.
To treat invasive cancer, the procedure options are:
Because of treatments to remove cervical cancer, there is a very high risk a woman may not be able to conceive after treatment.
Removing a cone-shaped area of cervical cells (also called a cone biopsy or conization) takes a cone-shaped sample of the cervix by way of a scalpel, laser or electrified wire loop. This procedure allows the doctor to obtain a deeper layer of cells for testing.
Diagnosis
If the patient is younger than 30 and has a normal pap result, this DNA test will not be used. That is because most HPV infections in this age group aren’t associated with cancer and will clear up on it’s own according to the Mayo Clinic.
If a woman wants to get pregnant in the future after
After a diagnosis is made, the patient will undergo even more testing to determine what stage the cancer is in. To determine the stage, the doctor will do a visual examination with special tools of the bladder and rectum as well as x-rays, computerized tomography scans (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Stage 0: cancer is early, small and confined to the cervix surfaceStage I: cancer is confined to cervixStage II: cervix and uterus are infectedStage III: cancer is in cervix, uterus, pelvic wall and/or lower part of the vaginaStage IV: cancer has spread to nearby organs and possibly other parts of the bodyTreatment
Read on
Causes and Risks of Cervical Cancer
New Pap Smear Guidelines for Women
What is a Pap Smear?
ConizationLaser surgeryLoop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)CryosurgeryHysterectomy
Another test the doctor may do is a HPV DNA test. This test can determine whether a patient is infected with any of the 13 types of HPV that are most likely to lead to cervical cancer. This test will also involve brushing cells from the cervix to examine. High risk strains of HPV can be detected in cell DNA before cell changes to the cervix.
After these tests a stage is set. The stages are:
Before a doctor can make a diagnosis of cervical cancer, there are tests that need to be done that will check for cervical cancer.
SurgeryRadiationChemotherapyComplications
Pap tests can detect most cases of cervical cancer according to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn. This is one test that will be done. A pap test brushes off cervix cells that will be examined to detect any abnormal cells. If the abnormal cells exist only on the outer cervix layer, this is considered the precancerous stage. Abnormal cells can morph into cancer cells if left untreated. Cancer cells can then spread to the cervix, upper vagina [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], pelvic area and other body areas.
Stages

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