Supra Skylow Archaeological Excavation Techniques

,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]Excavation Methods
Key to any excavation is stratification or the layers of debris laid down by time.
Excavation can concentrate on one particular layer of strata relating to a specific period of a sites life or study a cross section of history by studying vertical strata. Different methods of excavation are employed in each case.
· Vertical excavation
This allows the comparison of the different layers of time by opening up a trench exposing all the layers in a vertical section. Vertical digging usually occurs on complex urban sites that have multiple periods of occupancy. An early excavation method focusing on vertical sections was the Wheeler Box Grid System. Used on large sites, the whole area would be exposed with intact lines of earth left in place between squares of excavated areas. These ‘gridlines’ would expose the strata and could be removed to further expose important features.
Stratification relates to the process of the laying down of debris over time. This debris can be cultural or natural, consist of many things from coins, broken pottery, flint, animal and plant remains. Stratification is often used in dating and showing sequential relations between different periods of time on a site. Contemporary changes occur in the same strata and changes through time can be seen by comparing strata. The older the time span of human activity on a site, the more complex the stratification.
Generally speaking,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the deeper the layer,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the older the time period it relates to. However, sometimes layers can be disturbed causing finds from later periods to slip down into older strata. For this reason, it is important that the finds are carefully examined. Artefacts such as fragmented bones and pieces of knapped flint can often be fitted back together. If this reconstruction occurs with fragments from different strata,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], it can be assumed that there has been slippage over time.
Stratification
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Archaeological Fieldwork
Arthur Evans
Excavation occurs in order to preserve and record endangered sites or to add to knowledge of certain periods of history. Exactly how a site is dug depends on what the archaeologists want to learn from the site and the nature of the site itself.
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